Mercenary - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Leonardo da Vinci's Profilo di capitano antico, also known as il Condottiero, 1. In the last century, and as reflected in the Geneva Convention, mercenaries have increasingly come to be seen as less entitled to protections by rules of war than non- mercenaries. However, whether or not a person is a mercenary may be a matter of degree, as financial and national interests may overlap. Laws of war. Article 4. United States. The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 1. Watch Mercenary Fighters (1988) online free - The president of an African country wants to boost his economy with a new dam. He ignores the protests of the tribes in.August 1. 94. 9, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts, (Protocol I), 8 June 1. Art 4. 7. A mercenary shall not have the right to be a combatant or a prisoner of war. A mercenary is any person who. Party to the conflict, material compensation substantially in excess of that promised or paid to combatants of similar ranks and functions in the armed forces of that Party; (d) is neither a national of a Party to the conflict nor a resident of territory controlled by a Party to the conflict; (e) is not a member of the armed forces of a Party to the conflict; and(f) has not been sent by a State which is not a Party to the conflict on official duty as a member of its armed forces. All the criteria (a . That tribunal, using criteria in APGC7. At that juncture, the mercenary soldier becomes an unlawful combatant but still must be . Directed by Riki Shelach Nissimoff. With Peter Fonda, Reb Brown, Ron O'Neal, James Mitchum. The president of an African country wants to boost his economy with a new. Mercenary Fighters Trailer - The president of an African country wants to boost his economy with a new dam. He ignores the protests of the tribes in th. The only possible exception to GC IV Art 5 is when he is a national of the authority imprisoning him, in which case he would not be a mercenary soldier as defined in APGC7. Art 4. 7. d. If, after a regular trial, a captured soldier is found to be a mercenary, then he can expect treatment as a common criminal and may face execution. As mercenary soldiers may not qualify as Po. Ws, they cannot expect repatriation at war's end.
The best known post- World War II example of this was on 2. June 1. 97. 6 when, at the end of the Luanda Trial, an Angolan court sentenced three Britons and an American to death and nine other mercenaries to prison terms ranging from 1. The four mercenaries sentenced to death were shot by a firing squad on 1. July 1. 97. 6. It entered into force on 2. October 2. 00. 1 and is usually known as the UN Mercenary Convention. Article 1. 1 is similar to Article 4. Protocol I, however Article 1. Africa and do not address adequately the use of private military companies (PMCs) by sovereign states. While the United States governed Iraq, no U. S. With the hand- over of power to the Iraqi government, if one does not consider the coalition forces to be continuing parties to the conflict in Iraq, but that their soldiers are . However, those who acknowledge the United States and other coalition forces as continuing parties to the conflict might insist that U. S. This law does not prevent French citizens from serving as volunteers in foreign forces. The law applies to military activities with a specifically mercenary motive or with a mercenary level of remuneration. Germany. Furthermore, a German who enlists in an armed force of a state he is also citizen of risks the loss of his or her citizenship (. In 2. 00. 5, the legislation was reviewed by the government because of South African citizens working as security guards in Iraq during the American occupation of Iraq and the consequences of the mercenary soldier sponsorship case against Mark Thatcher for the . In the Greek War of Independence, British volunteers fought with the Greek rebels, which could have been unlawful; it was unclear whether or not the Greek rebels were a . In 1. 89. 6, a Privy Council report noted that there had been no prosecutions under the Foreign Enlistment Acts and considered them unenforceable. The British government considered using the Act against British subjects fighting for the International Brigade in the Spanish Civil War and the FNLA in the Angolan Civil War, though in the end it chose not to on both occasions. United States. In 1. United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit interpreted this statute as forbidding the U. S. Equifax, 5. 57 F. Cir. There is a disagreement over whether or not this proscription is limited to the use of such forces as strikebreakers, because it is stated thus: The purpose of the Act and the legislative history reveal that an organization was . It had the secondary effect of deterring any other organization from providing such services lest it be branded a . Department of Defense interim rule (effective 1. June 2. 00. 6) revises Do. D Instruction 3. 02. Per that interim rule, private security contractors are authorized to use deadly force when protecting their client's assets and persons, consistent with their contract's mission statement. One interpretation is that this authorizes contractors to engage in combat on behalf of the U. S. It is the combatant commander's responsibility to ensure that private security contract mission statements do not authorize performance of inherently governmental military functions, i. Armed Forces lose their law of war protection from direct attack if and for such time as they directly participate in hostilities. On 1. 8 August 2. U. S. Comptroller General rejected bid protest arguments that U. S. Army contracts violated the Anti- Pinkerton Act by requiring that contractors provide armed convoy escort vehicles and labor, weapons, and equipment for internal security operations at Victory Base Complex, Iraq. The Comptroller General reasoned the act was unviolated, because the contracts did not require contractors to provide quasi- military forces as strikebreakers. The order followed an unusual series of events set off when a U. S. Army veteran, Brian X. Scott, filed a protest against the government practice of hiring what he calls mercenaries, according to sources familiar with the matter. Scott did not submit a bid; however, when the bidders who did submit a bid tried to protest at GAO, their GAO bid protests were dismissed due to the fact that Scott had filed a case at the court and deprived GAO of further jurisdiction in the matter. Scott's case had been dismissed at GAO and was eventually dismissed at the court. The court order was in response to one of the legitimate contractors and Brian X. Scott had no role in obtaining that order. Army and security for the Army Corps of Engineers on reconstruction work in Iraq. The case, which is being heard by the U. S. Court of Federal Claims, puts on trial one of the most controversial and least understood aspects of the Iraq war: the outsourcing of military security to an estimated 2. Gurkhas, however, operate in dedicated Gurkha units of the British Army (specifically units that are administered by the Brigade of Gurkhas) and the Indian Army. However, although they are nationals of Nepal, a country that is not part of the Commonwealth, they still swear allegiance (either to the Crown or the Constitution of India) and abide the rules and regulations under which all British or Indian soldiers serve. This means that as members of the armed forces of Britain, India, and France these soldiers are not classed as mercenary soldiers per APGC7. Art 4. 7. e and APGC7. Art 4. 7. f. Private military and security companies. Thus, PMC contractors are civilians (in governmental, international, and civil organizations) authorized to accompany an army to the field; hence, the term civilian contractor. Nevertheless, PMCs may use armed force, hence defined as: . In September 2. 00. Brigadier General Karl Horst, deputy commander of the Third Infantry Division charged with Baghdad security after the 2. Dyn. Corp and other PMCs in Iraq: . There's no authority over them, so you can't come down on them hard when they escalate force.. They shoot people, and someone else has to deal with the aftermath. It happens all over the place. In the 1. 99. 0s, the media. In March 2. 00. 4, four Blackwater USA employees escorting food supplies and other equipment were attacked and killed in Fallujah, in a videotaped attack; the killings and subsequent dismemberment were a cause for the First Battle of Fallujah. Dyn. Corp was among those contracted by the State Department, while others signed contracts with the Defense Department. Other companies from different countries, including Israel, have also signed contracts with the Colombian Defense Ministry to carry out security or military activities. A common argument for using PMCs (used by the PMCs themselves), is that PMCs may be able to help combat genocide and civilian slaughter where the UN is unwilling or unable to intervene. Yet, after considering using PMCs to support UN operations, the UN Secretary General, Kofi Annan, decided against it. The report found that the use of contractors such as Blackwater was a . Many countries, including the United States and the United Kingdom, are not signatories to the 1. United Nations Mercenary Convention banning the use of mercenaries. A spokesman for the U. S. A long established foreign corps in the Egyptian forces were the Medjay . Other warriors recruited from outside the borders of Egypt included Libyan, Syrian and Canaanite contingents under the New Kingdom and Sherdens from Sardinia who appear in their distinctive horned helmets on wall paintings as body guards for Ramesses II. The Greek rulers of Ptolemaic Egypt, too, used Celtic mercenaries. An example of this was the British South Africa Police (BSAP), a paramilitary, mounted infantry force formed by the British South Africa Company of Cecil Rhodes in 1. He effectively ended the Second Matabele War by assassinating the Ndebele religious leader, Mlimo. He was presented the Cross of the Distinguished Service Order for his heroism and given a commission as Major in the British Army by King Edward VII personally even though he declined to renounce his American citizenship. Rider Haggard who created the fictional Allan Quatermain adventurer, a character who later was transformed by George Lucas into Indiana Jones. He later emigrated to South Africa, and was contracted by the State of Katanga in the early 1.
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